Actress
Catherine Deneuve
- Born: 22 October 1943, Paris, France
- Estimated net worth: $75 million
Catherine Deneuve is a celebrated French actress known for her roles in films like 'The Umbrellas of Cherbourg' and 'Belle de Jour.' With a career spanning over six decades, she has garnered a reputation for her elegance and versatility. Deneuve is recognized…
About Catherine Deneuve
Catherine Deneuve is a celebrated French actress known for her roles in films like 'The Umbrellas of Cherbourg' and 'Belle de Jour.' With a career spanning over six decades, she has garnered a reputation for her elegance and versatility. Deneuve is recognized for her distinctive voice and has often been associated with the French New Wave cinema.
- Born
- 22 October 1943, Paris, France
- Known for
- Acting
- Height
- 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m)
- Spouses
- David Bailey (1965-1967)
- Children
- 1; Chiara Mastroianni
- Parents
- Maurice Deneuve, Renée Deneuve
- Estimated net worth
- $75 million
Fun facts about Catherine Deneuve
- Catherine Deneuve was the inspiration for the character of the iconic French femme fatale in many films.
- She was awarded the Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival for her role in 'The Last Metro' in 1980.
Famous Catherine Deneuve quotes
“I am not a star. I am just a very lucky actress.”
“What I love is the idea of being able to change from one character to another.”
“I think it is important to keep a balance in life.”
Catherine Deneuve: coming up
- Forty Love (Movie)25 November 2026
- A Man's Skin (Movie, Godmother)27 January 2027
Credits and dates: TMDB.
Catherine Deneuve filmography
Cast (272)
| Year | Title | Character | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2027 | A Man's Skin Movie | Godmother | |
| 2026 | Forty Love Movie | Unknown character | |
| 2026 | Tonta que soy Movie | Geneviève Émery (archive footage) | |
| 2026 | Gentle Monster Movie | Eryn | 9.0 |
| 2026 | Parallel Tales Movie | Céline | 5.7 |
| 2026 | My Own Way Movie | Self | |
| 2025 | The Life of Mirrors Movie | Unknown character | |
| 2025 | Spirit World Movie | Claire Emery | 5.9 |
| 2024 | Les Scandaleuses Movie | Self | 8.5 |
| 2024 | Ciao Marcello - Mastroianni l'antidivo Movie | Self (archive footage) |
Show 262 more creditsShow fewer
| Year | Title | Character | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Jacques Demy: The Pink and the Black Movie | Unknown character | 7.2 |
| 2024 | Marcello Mio Movie | Catherine | 5.8 |
| 2024 | Funny Birds Movie | Solange | 6.1 |
| 2023 | Catherine Deneuve, in the eye of the camera Movie | Self (archive footage) | 7.2 |
| 2023 | The President's Wife Movie | Bernadette Chirac | 6.3 |
| 2023 | Faut Voir - L'Hebdo cinéma TV | Self - Guest | |
| 2023 | L'Âge d'or de la pub Movie | Self (archive footage) | 6.5 |
| 2023 | Habib Movie | Self | 4.4 |
| 2023 | Beau geste TV | Self | 1.0 |
| 2022 | Il était une fois Champs-Élysées TV | Self (archive footage) | 6.5 |
| 2022 | Belmondo: The Incorrigible Movie | Unknown character | 7.8 |
| 2022 | The A Talks TV | Self - Guest | 7.0 |
| 2022 | Femminile singolare Movie | Unknown character | 6.0 |
| 2022 | Sigmund Freud: A Jew Without God Movie | Marie Bonaparte (voice) | 5.5 |
| 2022 | Marilyn, a woman of today Movie | archive footage | 7.0 |
| 2022 | Dans les pas de Jean-Paul Rappeneau Movie | Self | 6.0 |
| 2022 | Deneuve, la reine Catherine Movie | Self (archive footage) | 7.6 |
| 2022 | La TV des 70's : Quand Giscard était président Movie | Self (archive footage) | 7.2 |
| 2021 | Françoise Dorléac, from The Man from Rio to The Young Girls of Rochefort Movie | self | 8.0 |
| 2021 | Hommage à Michel Legrand et Jacques Demy au festival Sœurs Jumelles Movie | Self (archive footage) | 7.0 |
| 2021 | Peaceful Movie | Crystal | 7.1 |
| 2021 | Jim Morrison: The End Movie | Self - Actress (archive footage) | 7.1 |
| 2021 | Morceaux de Cannes Movie | Unknown character | 2.0 |
| 2021 | Gainsbourg, toute une vie Movie | Unknown character | 9.0 |
| 2020 | Citizen Jane Fonda Movie | Self (archive footage) | 7.2 |
| 2020 | Terrible Jungle Movie | Chantal de Bellabre | 5.2 |
| 2020 | Helmut Newton: The Bad and the Beautiful Movie | Self | 6.2 |
| 2019 | L'Année du Silence TV | Unknown character | |
| 2019 | The Truth Movie | Fabienne Dangeville | 6.0 |
| 2019 | Aznavour by Charles Movie | Self - Actress (archive footage) | 6.8 |
| 2019 | Happy Birthday Movie | Andréa | 5.6 |
| 2019 | Oh Les Filles! Movie | Unknown character | 7.4 |
| 2019 | Farewell to the Night Movie | Muriel | 6.1 |
| 2019 | André Téchiné: A Passion for Cinema Movie | Self - Actress | 7.0 |
| 2019 | Danielle Darrieux : Il est poli d'être gai ! Movie | Self | 6.9 |
| 2019 | Claire Darling Movie | Claire Darling | 5.5 |
| 2018 | Jean Paul Gaultier: Freak & Chic Movie | Self | 6.4 |
| 2018 | La La La Movie | Various Roles (archive footage) | 7.2 |
| 2018 | Catherine Deneuve, la discrète : Des « Demoiselles de Rochefort » à « Indochine » Movie | Self | |
| 2018 | Bad Seeds Movie | Monique | 7.6 |
| 2018 | Celebration Movie | Self | 5.2 |
| 2018 | Françoise Dorléac, une promesse Movie | Self (voice) | 6.0 |
| 2018 | She's French Movie | Unknown character | |
| 2017 | Les Champs de la colère Movie | Narratrice | 8.0 |
| 2017 | All That Divides Us Movie | Louise | 5.5 |
| 2017 | Rise of a Star Movie | Mlle Jean | 6.2 |
| 2017 | Nobody's Perfect! Movie | Barbara | 5.6 |
| 2017 | The Incredible Mr. Piccoli Movie | Self - Actress (archive footage) | 6.5 |
| 2017 | Delectable You Movie | L'ange | 6.4 |
| 2017 | The Midwife Movie | Béatrice | 6.1 |
| 2016 | Vadim Mister Cool Movie | Self (archive footage) | 5.9 |
| 2016 | The Dunce Movie | Marguerite | 5.8 |
| 2016 | Quotidien TV | Self - Guest | 5.1 |
| 2016 | Bernadette Lafont: And God Created the Free Woman Movie | Unknown character | 6.5 |
| 2016 | Un, parfois deux Movie | Self | 7.0 |
| 2015 | The Brand New Testament Movie | Martine | 6.7 |
| 2015 | Standing Tall Movie | Le Juge | 7.1 |
| 2015 | Fifty Shades of Erotica Movie | (archive footage) | 7.0 |
| 2015 | Take the Boat Movie | Self | |
| 2014 | Les Enfoirés - Les Enfoirés en chœur de 1985 à aujourd'hui Movie | Unknown character | 8.0 |
| 2014 | François Truffaut l'insoumis Movie | Self (archive footage) | 5.8 |
| 2014 | 3 Hearts Movie | Madame Berger | 5.5 |
| 2014 | In the Name of My Daughter Movie | Renée Le Roux | 5.6 |
| 2014 | In the Courtyard Movie | Mathilde | 5.8 |
| 2013 | On My Way Movie | Bettie | 6.4 |
| 2013 | The Frame TV | Miriam Blaylock | 10.0 |
| 2012 | Asterix & Obelix: God Save Britannia Movie | Cordelia la reine d'Angleterre | 5.1 |
| 2012 | Roman Polanski: A Film Memoir Movie | Self (archive footage) | 6.5 |
| 2012 | Lines of Wellington Movie | Severina | 5.7 |
| 2012 | Close Up Movie | Self (archive footage) | 9.5 |
| 2012 | God Loves Caviar Movie | Empress Catherine II of Russia | 5.4 |
| 2012 | Fashion ! TV | Self (archive footage) | 7.0 |
| 2011 | Beloved Movie | Madeleine | 6.1 |
| 2011 | His Mother's Eyes Movie | Lena Weber | 5.4 |
| 2011 | Images of Women of the Social Corset Movie | Self | |
| 2010 | Trophy Wife Movie | Suzanne Pujol | 6.1 |
| 2010 | Lescure : Tôt ou tard TV | Self - Guest | |
| 2010 | The Big Picture Movie | Anne | 6.3 |
| 2010 | L'Amour Fou Movie | Self (archive footage) | 6.9 |
| 2010 | Lafayette: The Lost Hero Movie | Self (archive footage) | 10.0 |
| 2010 | Catherine Deneuve, belle et bien là Movie | Self | 7.2 |
| 2009 | Cineman Movie | Self (archive footage) (uncredited) | 2.9 |
| 2009 | Brigitte Bardot: The Icon of France Movie | Unknown character | |
| 2009 | Hidden Diary Movie | Martine | 6.2 |
| 2009 | Park Benches Movie | Client with the little wardrobe | 5.4 |
| 2009 | The Girl on the Train Movie | Louise | 5.8 |
| 2009 | Cyprien Movie | Vivianne | 3.9 |
| 2008 | The Beaches of Agnès Movie | Self (archive footage) | 7.7 |
| 2008 | Souvenirs souvenirs Movie | Self | |
| 2008 | My Stars Movie | Solange Duvivier | 5.0 |
| 2008 | A Christmas Tale Movie | Junon | 6.8 |
| 2008 | Once Upon a Time... The Umbrellas of Cherbourg Movie | Self | 8.0 |
| 2008 | I Want to See Movie | The famous actress | 5.5 |
| 2008 | Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired Movie | Self / Carole Ledoux (archive footage) | 6.3 |
| 2007 | Persepolis Movie | Marjane's Mother (voice) | 7.9 |
| 2007 | Suddenly Gina Movie | Elegante Dame | 7.5 |
| 2007 | After Him Movie | Camille | 4.7 |
| 2007 | A City Runs Through the Festival Movie | Self | 6.7 |
| 2006 | Family Hero Movie | Alice Mirmont | 4.8 |
| 2006 | The Stone Council Movie | Sybille Weber | 4.5 |
| 2006 | Germany's Next Topmodel TV | Self - Guest Judge | 4.3 |
| 2006 | Semperopernball TV | Self | |
| 2005 | Royal Palace Movie | Eugénia | 5.5 |
| 2005 | Mag Bodard, un destin Movie | Self (archive footage) | |
| 2005 | French Beauty Movie | Self | 10.0 |
| 2005 | Les Vacances de Noël Movie | Catherine Deneuve | 10.0 |
| 2004 | Kings & Queen Movie | Mme Vasset | 7.0 |
| 2004 | Changing Times Movie | Cécile | 5.6 |
| 2004 | Days and Nights in Paris Movie | Self | |
| 2004 | The Best of So Graham Norton Movie | Self (archive footage) | |
| 2004 | François Truffaut, une autobiographie Movie | Self | 6.6 |
| 2004 | Comizi di Non Amore Movie | Self | |
| 2004 | Princess Marie TV | Marie Bonaparte | |
| 2004 | Princesse Marie Movie | Unknown character | |
| 2003 | A Talking Picture Movie | Delfina | 6.7 |
| 2003 | Nip/Tuck TV | Diana Lubey | 7.2 |
| 2003 | Celebrity Naked Ambition Movie | Self (archive footage) | 5.3 |
| 2003 | Un film et son époque TV | Self | 10.0 |
| 2003 | Dangerous Liaisons TV | Marquise Isabelle de Merteuil | 6.1 |
| 2002 | Nearest to Heaven Movie | Fanette | 5.1 |
| 2002 | Yves Saint Laurent: 5 Avenue Marceau 75116 Paris Movie | Self | 7.5 |
| 2002 | 8 Women Movie | Gaby | 6.9 |
| 2001 | Friday Night with Jonathan Ross TV | Self - Guest | 6.1 |
| 2001 | Tom Thumb Movie | la Reine | 5.5 |
| 2001 | Pierre or, The Ambiguities TV | Marie | 7.0 |
| 2001 | The Musketeer Movie | The Queen | 5.3 |
| 2001 | Absolutely Fabulous Movie | Une spectatrice du défilé | 4.9 |
| 2001 | Burger Quiz TV | Self | 7.4 |
| 2001 | Clouds: Letters to My Son Movie | Narrator (voice) | 7.0 |
| 2001 | I’m Going Home Movie | Marguerite | 6.8 |
| 2000 | Von Trier's 100 Eyes Movie | Self | 7.4 |
| 2000 | Dancer in the Dark Movie | Kathy | 7.8 |
| 1999 | East/West Movie | Gabrielle Develay | 6.4 |
| 1999 | Time Regained Movie | Odette | 6.3 |
| 1999 | Pola X Movie | Marie | 5.5 |
| 1999 | Belle Maman Movie | Léa | 5.1 |
| 1999 | The Wind of the Night Movie | Hélène | 5.1 |
| 1998 | Place Vendôme Movie | Marianne Malivert | 6.2 |
| 1998 | So Graham Norton TV | Self - Guest | 7.4 |
| 1997 | The View TV | Self | 4.3 |
| 1997 | Sans Titre Movie | Unknown character | 5.4 |
| 1997 | Genealogies of a Crime Movie | Jeanne / Solange | 6.5 |
| 1997 | Pierre and Gilles, Love Stories Movie | Self | 3.0 |
| 1997 | Les Enfoirés 1997 - Le Zénith des Enfoirés Movie | Unknown character | 6.0 |
| 1996 | Elle s'appelait Françoise Movie | Self | 9.0 |
| 1996 | Thieves Movie | Marie Leblanc | 6.1 |
| 1995 | Die Harald Schmidt Show TV | Self - Guest | 7.4 |
| 1995 | The World of Jacques Demy Movie | Self | 6.9 |
| 1995 | The Convent Movie | Hélène | 5.3 |
| 1995 | One Hundred and One Nights Movie | The Star-Fantasy | 6.1 |
| 1994 | The Chess Game Movie | Marquise | 4.8 |
| 1994 | Nachtshow TV | Self | 7.0 |
| 1994 | La Machine Mode Movie | Self | |
| 1993 | The Young Girls Turn 25 Movie | Self | 7.1 |
| 1993 | My Favorite Season Movie | Emilie | 6.2 |
| 1993 | François Truffaut: Stolen Portraits Movie | Self (archive footage) | 5.6 |
| 1992 | The Look TV | Self | |
| 1992 | Indochine Movie | Eliane Devries | 7.0 |
| 1991 | 365 Days of Christmas Movie | woman | |
| 1991 | Lest We Forget Movie | Self (segment "Pour Febe Elisabeth Velásquez, El Salvador") | 7.0 |
| 1991 | The White Queen Movie | Liliane Soulas | 6.2 |
| 1991 | For Febe Elisabeth Velasquez, El Salvador Movie | Unknown character | 7.0 |
| 1989 | Helmut Newton: Frames from the Edge Movie | Self | 6.0 |
| 1988 | Strange Place for an Encounter Movie | France | 5.9 |
| 1988 | Frequent Death Movie | Jeanne Quester | 5.6 |
| 1987 | Agent trouble Movie | Amanda Weber | 5.6 |
| 1987 | Norma Jean Alias Marilyn Monroe Movie | Herself | 9.0 |
| 1986 | Scene of the Crime Movie | Lili Ravenel | 5.7 |
| 1986 | Let's Hope It's a Girl Movie | Claudia | 6.9 |
| 1985 | Vivement Truffaut Movie | Self / Marion (archive footage) | 7.5 |
| 1984 | Paroles et musique Movie | Margaux | 5.0 |
| 1984 | Fort Saganne Movie | Louise | 6.0 |
| 1984 | The Life and Times of Don Luis Buñuel Movie | Self | 7.0 |
| 1984 | Goldene Kamera TV | Self | 5.7 |
| 1984 | Le Bon Plaisir Movie | Claire Després | 5.8 |
| 1984 | Deneuve, revue de détails Movie | Self | |
| 1983 | The African Movie | Charlotte | 6.3 |
| 1983 | The Hunger Movie | Miriam Blaylock | 6.7 |
| 1982 | The Shock Movie | Claire | 5.3 |
| 1982 | Champs-Elysées TV | Self | 6.8 |
| 1981 | Hotel America Movie | Hélène | 6.2 |
| 1981 | Choice of Arms Movie | Nicole Durieux | 6.6 |
| 1981 | Reporters Movie | Self | 7.0 |
| 1981 | Wetten, dass..? TV | Self | 5.6 |
| 1980 | I Love You All Movie | Alice | 6.0 |
| 1980 | The Last Metro Movie | Marion Steiner | 7.2 |
| 1979 | See Here My Love Movie | Claude Alphand | 5.0 |
| 1979 | Courage fuyons Movie | Eva | 6.2 |
| 1979 | Us Two Movie | Françoise | 6.1 |
| 1979 | These Kids Are Grown-Ups Movie | Louise Mouchin | 4.7 |
| 1978 | Other People's Money Movie | Cécile Rainier | 5.8 |
| 1978 | Catherine Deneuve by Chance, or, A Certain Blondeness Movie | Self | |
| 1978 | Ciné regards TV | Self | 5.0 |
| 1977 | Beach House Movie | Donna del sogno | 6.3 |
| 1977 | March or Die Movie | Simone Picard | 5.8 |
| 1977 | Auf los geht's los TV | Self | 8.0 |
| 1977 | Lost Soul Movie | Sofia Stolz | 6.7 |
| 1976 | Domenica In TV | Self | |
| 1976 | A Second Chance Movie | Catherine Berger | 6.3 |
| 1976 | Cérémonie des César TV | Self - President | 4.6 |
| 1975 | Hustle Movie | Nicole Britton | 5.8 |
| 1975 | Lovers Like Us Movie | Nelly | 6.6 |
| 1975 | Zig Zig Movie | Marie | 5.5 |
| 1975 | Act of Aggression Movie | Sarah | 4.8 |
| 1975 | Numéro un TV | Self | 7.5 |
| 1975 | Les Rendez-vous du dimanche TV | Self | 6.0 |
| 1974 | The Woman with Red Boots Movie | Françoise | 5.7 |
| 1974 | The Murri Affair Movie | Linda Murri | 6.6 |
| 1974 | Spécial cinéma TV | Self | 9.5 |
| 1974 | Don't Touch the White Woman! Movie | Marie-Hélène de Boismonfrais | 5.5 |
| 1973 | Omnibus: François Truffaut Movie | Self | |
| 1973 | A Slightly Pregnant Man Movie | Irène de Fontenoy | 5.7 |
| 1972 | Un Flic Movie | Cathy | 6.6 |
| 1972 | Liza Movie | Liza | 6.0 |
| 1972 | Midi trente TV | Self (archive footage) | 6.0 |
| 1971 | It Only Happens to Others Movie | Catherine | 5.2 |
| 1971 | V.I.P. Schaukel TV | Self | 8.0 |
| 1970 | Donkey Skin Movie | Princess 'Donkey Skin'/ The Queen | 7.2 |
| 1970 | Langlois Movie | Self | 5.3 |
| 1970 | Tristana Movie | Tristana | 7.2 |
| 1970 | Peau d'Âne Movie | Self | |
| 1969 | Tout peut arriver Movie | Catherine, actress (uncredited) | 6.2 |
| 1969 | Mississippi Mermaid Movie | Julie Roussel | 6.6 |
| 1969 | The April Fools Movie | Catherine Gunther | 5.9 |
| 1968 | Mayerling Movie | Baroness Mary Vetsera | 6.2 |
| 1968 | Heartbeat Movie | Lucile | 6.4 |
| 1968 | Manon 70 Movie | Manon | 5.4 |
| 1968 | The Diary of an Innocent Boy Movie | Anne de Clécy | 6.0 |
| 1967 | Belle de Jour Movie | Séverine Serizy | 7.3 |
| 1967 | The Young Girls of Rochefort Movie | Delphine Garnier | 7.7 |
| 1966 | The Creatures Movie | Mylène | 6.4 |
| 1966 | A Matter of Resistance Movie | Marie | 6.8 |
| 1966 | Behind the Screen TV | Self | 8.0 |
| 1966 | Behind the screens : Les demoiselles de Rochefort Movie | Self | |
| 1966 | Behind the screens : Jacques Demy’s Les demoiselles de Rochefort - Les décors Movie | Self | |
| 1965 | Song of the World Movie | Clara | 3.7 |
| 1965 | Das Liebeskarussell Movie | Angela Claasen | 3.3 |
| 1965 | Repulsion Movie | Carol Ledoux | 7.4 |
| 1965 | Dim Dam Dom TV | Self | 8.0 |
| 1964 | The Constancy of Reason Movie | Lori | 6.3 |
| 1964 | Pour le plaisir TV | Self | |
| 1964 | Male Companion Movie | Isabelle | 5.3 |
| 1964 | Grand Ecran: Repulsion Movie | Self | |
| 1964 | Male Hunt Movie | Denise | 6.5 |
| 1964 | The World's Most Beautiful Swindlers Movie | Swindler (segment "L'Homme qui vendit la tour Eiffel") | 5.4 |
| 1964 | The Umbrellas of Cherbourg Movie | Geneviève Emery | 7.4 |
| 1964 | 4XD Movie | Self | 8.7 |
| 1963 | Portuguese Vacation Movie | Catherine | 5.8 |
| 1963 | Vice and Virtue Movie | Justine Morand | 5.6 |
| 1962 | And Satan Calls the Turns Movie | Manuelle | 5.4 |
| 1962 | Ça c'est la vie Movie | Unknown character | |
| 1962 | Tales of Paris Movie | Sophie (segment "Sophie") | 5.5 |
| 1960 | The Door Slams Movie | Dany | 7.0 |
| 1960 | Ladies Man Movie | Catherine | 10.0 |
| 1960 | Wild Roots of Love Movie | Unknown character | 9.0 |
| 1957 | The Twilight Girls Movie | Une petite collégienne | 4.1 |
| 1956 | Cinépanorama TV | Self | 8.7 |
| 1953 | The Oscars TV | Self | 7.1 |
| 1948 | Bambi TV | Self | 9.0 |
| TBA | Glamsquad TV | Unknown character | |
| TBA | Dada Movie | Unknown character | 7.5 |
| TBA | Yves Saint Laurent and Photography Movie | Unknown character |
Crew (2)
| Year | Title | Role | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Strange Place for an Encounter Movie | Producer · Production | 5.9 |
| 1975 | Zig Zig Movie | Producer · Production | 5.5 |
Latest releases
- Gentle Monster2026 / TMDB 9.0
- Parallel Tales2026 / TMDB 5.7
- My Own Way2026
- The Life of Mirrors2025
- Spirit World2025 / TMDB 5.9
- Les Scandaleuses2024 / TMDB 8.5
Questions about Catherine Deneuve
What are some of Catherine Deneuve's most famous films?
Catherine Deneuve is well-known for her roles in films such as 'The Umbrellas of Cherbourg,' 'Belle de Jour,' and 'The Last Metro.' These films showcase her range and have solidified her status as a cinematic icon.
Has Catherine Deneuve won any major awards?
Yes, Catherine Deneuve has received numerous awards, including a Best Actress award at the Cannes Film Festival and several César Awards, highlighting her contributions to French cinema.
What was Catherine Deneuve's first film?
Catherine Deneuve's first film was 'Les Collégiennes,' released in 1957, where she played a small role. This marked the beginning of her illustrious acting career.
What is Catherine Deneuve's acting style?
Catherine Deneuve is known for her subtle and nuanced acting style, often portraying complex characters with a blend of grace and strength that captivates audiences.
How many children does Catherine Deneuve have?
Catherine Deneuve has one daughter named Chiara Mastroianni, born in 1972, who is also an accomplished actress.
What is Catherine Deneuve's estimated net worth?
Catherine Deneuve's estimated net worth is around $75 million, reflecting her successful career in film and endorsements.
What are some milestones in Catherine Deneuve's filmography?
Some milestones in her filmography include her breakthrough role in 'The Umbrellas of Cherbourg' (1964) and her acclaimed performance in 'The Last Metro' (1980), which won her international recognition.
Is Catherine Deneuve involved in any philanthropic activities?
Yes, Catherine Deneuve is known for her involvement in various charitable causes, particularly those focused on women's rights and health issues.